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Pharmacology — Psychotropic Drug Patterns

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PSYCHOTROPIC DRUG PATTERNS

Benzodiazepines facilitate GABA-mediated inhibition. Diazepam has hypnotic, amnesic and anticonvulsant actions and increases chloride conductance. Respiratory depression is an important toxic effect, while flumazenil acts as a benzodiazepine antagonist.

Duration of action helps distinguish agents. Nitrazepam and flurazepam are long acting and may produce a hangover effect; oxazepam, temazepam and triazolam are short acting. Diazepam, chlordiazepoxide and lorazepam are used as anxiolytics. Benzodiazepines cross the placenta, alcohol potentiates their effects, and gradual withdrawal is important because of dependence.

Antipsychotic drugs act principally through dopamine receptor blockade and are used particularly in functional psychoses such as schizophrenia without impairing consciousness.

Dopamine blockade links therapeutic action to adverse effects. Hyperprolactinaemia may occur, while extrapyramidal manifestations include Parkinsonism, acute muscular dystonias, akathisia, neuroleptic malignant syndrome and tardive dyskinesia. Anticholinergic effects include dry mouth, constipation and blurred vision.

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Classification Relationships — through Subtopic3

7 assigned

Obstetrics and Gynaecology→ Basic→ Pharmacology→ General→ Antipsychotic Drugs→ Dopamine receptor blockade→ Adverse effects

Obstetrics and Gynaecology→ Basic→ Pharmacology→ General→ Antipsychotic Drugs→ Drug classification→ Antipsychotic classes

Obstetrics and Gynaecology→ Basic→ Pharmacology→ General→ Antipsychotic Drugs→ Extrapyramidal adverse effects→ Clinical manifestations

Obstetrics and Gynaecology→ Basic→ Pharmacology→ General→ Hypnotics, Sedatives and Anxiolytics→ Benzodiazepines→ Diazepam and flumazenil

Obstetrics and Gynaecology→ Basic→ Pharmacology→ General→ Hypnotics, Sedatives and Anxiolytics→ Benzodiazepines→ Duration of action

Obstetrics and Gynaecology→ Basic→ Pharmacology→ General→ Hypnotics, Sedatives and Anxiolytics→ Benzodiazepines→ Long-acting hypnotics

Obstetrics and Gynaecology→ Basic→ Pharmacology→ General→ Hypnotics, Sedatives and Anxiolytics→ Benzodiazepines→ Placental transfer

Pharmacology — Psychotropic Drug Patterns

Additional Insight #43

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