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General Pathology — Shock

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Facts & Figures #45 — Edit

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Shock is acute circulatory failure with reduced effective circulating volume, hypotension and inadequate tissue perfusion.
The stages described are initial reversible/compensated → progressive decompensated → irreversible shock.
Hypovolaemic shock causes reduced central venous pressure and venous return, followed by reduced blood pressure, impaired perfusion, hypoxia and acidosis.
Cardiogenic shock results from an acute fall in cardiac output without a primary reduction in circulating blood volume.
In septic shock, lipopolysaccharide–binding protein interaction activates macrophages with release particularly of TNF-α and IL-1.
Early septic shock involves vasodilatation and increased vascular permeability; later capillary leakage and reduced effective circulating volume impair tissue perfusion.
Activation of inflammatory and coagulation pathways in septic shock can culminate in disseminated intravascular coagulation.
Severe shock may cause acute tubular necrosis, focal hepatic necrosis, haemorrhagic gastroenteropathy and ARDS.
Pulmonary capillary injury in septic shock causes oedema, increased pulmonary vascular resistance, impaired oxygenation, atelectasis and arteriovenous shunting.

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Classification Relationships — through Subtopic3

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Obstetrics and Gynaecology→ Basic→ Pathology→ General→ Shock→ Cardiogenic→ Pathophysiology

Obstetrics and Gynaecology→ Basic→ Pathology→ General→ Shock→ General principles→ Organ effects

Obstetrics and Gynaecology→ Basic→ Pathology→ General→ Shock→ General principles→ Pathophysiology

Obstetrics and Gynaecology→ Basic→ Pathology→ General→ Shock→ Hypovolaemic→ Pathophysiology

Obstetrics and Gynaecology→ Basic→ Pathology→ General→ Shock→ Septic→ Organ injury

Obstetrics and Gynaecology→ Basic→ Pathology→ General→ Shock→ Septic→ Pathophysiology

General Pathology — Shock

Facts & Figures #45 — Edit

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